Storyboard

An important limitation is the speed with which energy can be supplied to a system. This is particularly critical in the average that the system loses energy very quickly.They introduce the concept of power that is defined as the energy supplied or lost per unit of time.

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An example that illustrates how power is crucial to understanding the limitation of motion is the case of bird flight. The power curve as a function of flight velocity exhibits three main characteristics:

• It increases at low velocities due to the loss of lift and the phenomenon known as acoustic short-circuiting. In the latter situation, lift decreases because high pressure escapes from under the wings to the upper surface along the outer edge. To avoid this effect and save fuel, modern aircraft have winglets, which are short perpendicular extensions on the wings. This limitation implies that birds also require takeoff and landing distances; they cannot take off from a standstill or land without running.

• A minimum power point utilized by migratory birds for covering long distances with low energy consumption. This minimum depends on wing shape, meaning that only some birds have the capability for migration.

• A maximum power point occurs at high speeds, resulting in higher energy consumption for faster flight. Once again, wing shape is crucial to achieve high speeds, which characterizes birds of prey. Typically, bird wing designs are optimized for either hunting or migration, with only a few species utilizing both strategies.

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