Global systems and geopolitics

Title

Global systems and geopolitics study how states, alliances, markets and resources interact within an international structure without full central authority. Security, trade, technology and territory decisions generate cooperation, competition or war. From physics, the international system can be analyzed as a complex network of actors with different masses of power, connected by energy, financial, military and informational flows. Concepts such as dynamic equilibrium, strategic stability, competition between poles, cascades, game theory and phase transitions help to understand changes in hegemony, block formation and global crises. Physics does not replace diplomatic history, but it provides rigorous models for studying patterns of global order and conflict.

ID:834